Human rights groups say that Chinese Catholics who remain loyal to the Vatican often suffern persecution, with the detention of Bishops fairly common. Even Pope Benedict XVI confirmed that shedding of blood became unavoidable in the process.
On 21 November 2010, the state-run Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association (CPCA), which claims to be Roman Catholics in China when in fact it is an association that the People's Republic of China Religious Affairs Bureau (PRC-RAB) established in 1957 to exercise state supervision over Roman Catholics in mainland China.
Pope Benedict XVI, in his letter to the Catholics in China on 27 May 2007, referred to them as "persons who are not ordained, and sometimes not even baptized, control and take decisions concerning important ecclesial questions, including the appointment of Bishops, in the name of various State agencies," consequently "demeaning" the "Petrine and episcopal ministries."
Right now the Pope identified three groups among the Catholic bishops in China. First, those who opted to consecrate priests clandestinely because of religious constraines (often referred to as "underground Catholics"). Second, those under pressure from the Chinese government consented to receive episcopal ordination without pontifical mandate but later sought communion with the Successor of Peter and all bishops in the Roman Catholic Church. Third, those who have been ordained without pontifical mandate and continue to be exercising episcopal function illegitimately. The Pope considered the third group of bishops as "illegitimate but validly ordained."
Let us pray for our brothers and sisters in Christ in the Roman Catholic Church in China.

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